Psychologist, psychotherapist, psychiatrist: the difference and who to see
Author: The Narcis editorial team · updated: August 24, 2026
Clinical review: a practising psychotherapist
The titles really are similar, and the competencies can partly overlap. The simplest way to orient yourself is not by who works “more deeply” but by training, the kind of help offered, and whether medical treatment is needed.
Psychologist
A psychologist holds a higher education degree in psychology and can provide psychological help: counselling, psychological assessment within their competence, and support with stress, relationships, adaptation, and emotional and behavioural difficulties. A psychologist is not a physician by virtue of a psychology degree alone and does not prescribe medication.
Some psychologists train further in psychotherapy and are psychotherapists as well.
Psychotherapist
Psychotherapy is the professional application of a scientifically grounded psychotherapeutic method. A psychotherapist completes specific training in that method, along with practice and supervision as required by the programme. Since 2026 Ukraine has had a new legal framework for certifying psychotherapeutic methods, with a transitional period.
Psychotherapy may be short-term or long-term. It is used both for life crises and difficulties and for many mental disorders, within the professional’s competence.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician specialised in psychiatry. They carry out medical assessment of mental state, establish psychiatric diagnoses, and can prescribe medication. A psychiatrist may also have psychotherapeutic training, but that is a separate competence.
Who to turn to
If things are hard and you do not know where to start, you can approach a qualified psychologist or psychotherapist — they will help you assess your situation and, if needed, refer you to a doctor.
If there is a sharp decline in functioning, psychotic symptoms, severe depression, risk to life, or a need for medication, assessment by a psychiatrist is required. If life is in immediate danger, do not wait for a scheduled session — seek emergency help.
If this topic resonated — you do not have to sit with it alone.
Find a therapist for this topic →If there is an immediate threat to your life, thoughts of self-harm, or a sharp worsening of your state, do not wait for a scheduled session — seek emergency help. Where to turn →
This article is for information only and is not a substitute for an individual consultation with a specialist.